‘It Could Evolve Into Jarvis’: Race Towards ‘Autonomous’ AI Agents and Copilots Grips Silicon Valley

Around a decade after virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa burst onto the scene, a new wave of AI helpers with greater autonomy is raising the stakes, powered by the latest version of the technology behind ChatGPT and its rivals.

Experimental systems that run on GPT-4 or similar models are attracting billions of dollars of investment as Silicon Valley competes to capitalize on the advances in AI. The new assistants – often called “agents” or “copilots” – promise to perform more complex personal and work tasks when commanded to by a human, without needing close supervision.

“High level, we want this to become something like your personal AI friend,” said developer Div Garg, whose company MultiOn is beta-testing an AI agent.

“It could evolve into Jarvis, where we want this to be connected to a lot of your services,” he added, referring to Tony Stark’s indispensable AI in the Iron Man films. “If you want to do something, you go talk to your AI and it does your things.”

The industry is still far from emulating science fiction’s dazzling digital assistants; Garg’s agent browses the web to order a burger on DoorDash, for example, while others can create investment strategies, email people selling refrigerators on Craigslist or summarize work meetings for those who join late.

“Lots of what’s easy for people is still incredibly hard for computers,” said Kanjun Qiu, CEO of Generally Intelligent, an OpenAI competitor creating AI for agents.

“Say your boss needs you to schedule a meeting with a group of important clients. That involves reasoning skills that are complex for AI – it needs to get everyone’s preferences, resolve conflicts, all while maintaining the careful touch needed when working with clients.”

Early efforts are only a taste of the sophistication that could come in future years from increasingly advanced and autonomous agents as the industry pushes towards an artificial general intelligence (AGI) that can equal or surpass humans in myriad cognitive tasks, according to Reuters interviews with about two dozen entrepreneurs, investors and AI experts.

The new technology has triggered a rush towards assistants powered by so-called foundation models including GPT-4, sweeping up individual developers, big-hitters like Microsoft and Google parent Alphabet plus a host of startups.

Inflection AI, to name one startup, raised $1.3 billion (roughly Rs. 10,663 crore) in late June. It is developing a personal assistant it says could act as a mentor or handle tasks such as securing flight credit and a hotel after a travel delay, according to a podcast by co-founders Reid Hoffman and Mustafa Suleyman.

Adept, an AI startup that’s raised $415 million (roughly Rs. 3,404 crore), touts its business benefits; in a demo posted online, it shows how you can prompt its technology with a sentence, and then watch it navigate a company’s Salesforce customer-relationship database on its own, completing a task it says would take a human 10 or more clicks.

Alphabet declined to comment on agent-related work, while Microsoft said its vision is to keep humans in control of AI copilots, rather than autopilots.

Step 1: Destroy humanity

Qiu and four other agent developers said they expected the first systems that can reliably perform multi-step tasks with some autonomy to come to market within a year, focused on narrow areas such coding and marketing tasks.

“The real challenge is building systems with robust reasoning,” said Qiu.

The race towards increasingly autonomous AI agents has been supercharged by the March release of GPT-4 by developer OpenAI, a powerful upgrade of the model behind ChatGPT – the chatbot that became a sensation when released last November.

GPT-4 facilitates the type of strategic and adaptable thinking required to navigate the unpredictable real world, said Vivian Cheng, an investor at venture capital firm CRV who has a focus on AI agents.

Early demonstrations of agents capable of comparatively complex reasoning came from individual developers who created the BabyAGI and AutoGPT open-source projects in March, which can prioritize and execute tasks such as sales prospecting and ordering pizza based on a pre-defined objective and the results of previous actions.

Today’s early crop of agents are merely proof-of-concepts, according to eight developers interviewed, and often freeze or suggest something that makes no sense. If given full access to a computer or payment information, an agent could accidentally wipe a computer’s drive or buy the wrong thing, they say.

“There’s so many ways it can go wrong,” said Aravind Srinivas, CEO of ChatGPT competitor Perplexity AI, who has opted instead to offer a human-supervised copilot product. “You have to treat AI like a baby and constantly supervise it like a mom.”

Many computer scientists focused on AI ethics have pointed out near-term harm that could come from the perpetuation of human biases and the potential for misinformation. And while some see a future Jarvis, others fear the murderous HAL 9000 from 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Computer scientist Yoshua Bengio, known as a “godfather of AI” for his work on neural networks and deep learning, urges caution. He fears future advanced iterations of the technology could create and act on their own, unexpected, goals.

“Without a human in the loop that checks every action to see if it’s not dangerous, we might end up with actions that are criminal or could harm people,” said Bengio, calling for more regulation. “In years from now these systems could be smarter than us, but it doesn’t mean they have the same moral compass.”

In one experiment posted online, an anonymous creator instructed an agent called ChaosGPT to be a “destructive, power-hungry, manipulative AI.” The agent developed a 5-step plan, with Step 1: “Destroy humanity” and Step 5: “Attain immortality”.

It didn’t get too far, though, seeming to disappear down a rabbit hole of researching and storing information about history’s deadliest weapons and planning Twitter posts.

The US Federal Trade Commission, which is currently investigating OpenAI over concerns of consumer harm, did not address autonomous agents directly, but referred Reuters to previously published blogs on deepfakes and marketing claims about AI. OpenAI’s CEO has said the startup follows the law and will work with the FTC.

‘Dumb as a rock’

Existential fears aside, the commercial potential could be large. Foundation models are trained on vast amounts of data such as text from the internet using artificial neural networks that are inspired by the architecture of biological brains.

OpenAI itself is very interested in AI agent technology, according to four people briefed on its plans. Garg, one of the people it briefed, said OpenAI is wary of releasing its own open-ended agent into the market before fully understanding the issues. The company told Reuters it conducts rigorous testing and builds broad safety protocols before releasing new systems.

Microsoft, OpenAI’s biggest backer, is among the big guns taking aim at the AI agent field with its “copilot for work” that can draft solid emails, reports and presentations.

CEO Satya Nadella sees foundation-model technology as a leap from digital assistants such as Microsoft’s own Cortana, Amazon’s Alexa, Apple’s Siri and the Google Assistant – which, in his view, have all fallen short of initial expectations.

“They were all dumb as a rock. Whether it’s Cortana or Alexa or Google Assistant or Siri, all these just don’t work,” he told the Financial Times in February.

An Amazon spokesperson said that Alexa already uses advanced AI technology, adding that its team is working on new models that will make the assistant more capable and useful. Apple declined to comment.

Google said it’s constantly improving its assistant as well and that its Duplex technology can phone restaurants to book tables and verify hours.

AI expert Edward Grefenstette also joined the company’s research group Google DeepMind last month to “develop general agents that can adapt to open-ended environments”.

Still, the first consumer iterations of quasi-autonomous agents may come from more nimble startups, according to some of the people interviewed.

Investors are pouncing

Jason Franklin of WVV Capital said he had to fight to invest in an AI-agents company from two former Google Brain engineers. In May, Google Ventures led a $2 million (roughly Rs. 16.4 crore) seed round in Cognosys, developing AI agents for work productivity, while Hesam Motlagh, who founded the agent startup Arkifi in January, said he closed a “sizeable” first financing round in June.

There are at least 100 serious projects working to commercialize agents, said Matt Schlicht, who writes a newsletter on AI.

“Entrepreneurs and investors are extremely excited about autonomous agents,” he said. “They’re way more excited about that than they are simply about a chatbot.”

© Thomson Reuters 2023


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Silicon Valley Bank CEO to investors: ‘Stay calm’ and don’t ‘panic’ 


On Wednesday, Silicon Valley Bank said it would raise $2.25 billion following a $1.8 billion after-tax loss in various bets on securities.

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Snapchat co-founder Reggie Brown accused of running amok in swanky gated community

The one-time tech visionary who invented Snapchat’s disappearing-photos feature vanished from the public eye after a nasty legal battle with his co-founders — and has since been accused of running amok in a swanky gated community, The Post has learned.

Reggie Brown, who co-founded Snapchat with Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy while the trio were hard-partying undergraduates at Stanford University, was pushed out of the company a decade ago. While Spiegel and Murphy became billionaires when Snap Inc. went public, Brown largely dropped off the map after winning a $157.5 million cash settlement from Snapchat in 2014 — when he was just 24 years old.

Now, a series of police reports, exclusively obtained by The Post through the Freedom of Information Act, shed light on the rejected inventor’s allegedly troubled life since he was ousted from Snapchat — despite his key role in creating the wildly popular social network — and returned to his native South Carolina.

The documents include allegations that Brown “swatted” a police officer after recklessly driving a Bentley luxury sedan during a reported music video shoot. He later became locked in an increasingly bizarre feud with his elderly next-door neighbors, who accused Brown of damaging their lawn with his car, using his large dog to intimidate them and even grabbing his crotch in front of their grandchildren, according to Columbia Police Department reports.

Brown had a series of run-ins with Columbia, SC police, records show.
AP

The Snapchat co-founder’s alleged behavior sparked outrage among residents of his close-knit neighborhood in Columbia. When police officers prepared to arrest Brown, they found out that he had left the state.

Brown and his family could not be reached directly for comment. Two attorneys who represented him in his litigation against Snapchat — James Lee and K. Luan Tran — did not respond to repeated requests for comment. A third attorney who previously worked for Brown, Ray Mandlekar, declined to comment.

Brown reportedly crashed a black Rolls Royce SUV into his subdivision’s security gate.
Google Maps

‘Filming a music video’

Brown’s first documented run-in with South Carolina cops was in December 2020 in the Kings Grant gated community, where he had lived since at least 2018 when he paid $890,000 for a five-bedroom, 6,900-square-foot mansion, according to property records.

On Dec. 10, a Kings Grant security guard told local cops that day that Brown had crashed a black Rolls Royce SUV into the subdivision’s security gate, according to police records. Police responded but left the scene without speaking to Brown.

The following day, police responded again after a neighbor complained about Brown allegedly recklessly driving another car — this time a four-door Bentley sedan. The neighbor also griped that Brown and his friends were “filming a music video” at the community center, which features a pool, playground and clubhouse.

Brown held a raucous music video shoot at the Kings Grant community center, according to police records.
Facebook/King’s Grant on the Ash

When an officer arrived, Brown was sitting in his Bentley outside the clubhouse and refused to roll down the window, according to the police report.

“I observed Mr. Brown to have a glassed over look upon his face and to have dilated pupils,” the officer wrote.

A man who was participating in the shoot then approached the police officer and explained that Brown had invited him there to film a music video, according to the police report. As the cop was speaking with the man, the Snapchat co-founder’s mother arrived, according to the report.

A section of the Columbia Police Department report on Brown’s alleged music video shoot.

Brown then stepped out of his Bentley and “aggressively lunged” at the neighbor who had originally called the police, according to the report. When the police officer tried to separate the pair, Brown allegedly “swatted” the cop’s arm away, leading the cop to put him in handcuffs.

Brown’s father and more neighbors then showed up, the police wrote, adding that “the scene quickly escalated and the [responding officer] requested additional units to maintain control.”

The officer then asked Brown to perform a field sobriety test. Brown agreed, according to the report, and passed the test. The police officer took off his handcuffs and released him. It would be nearly a year before his next run-in with the law.

Brown (left), with fellow Snapchat co-founders Bobby Murphy (center) and Evan Spiegel (right).
LA County Superior Court

‘A million-dollar idea’

Brown’s Snapchat story began in 2011, when he was smoking marijuana with his Stanford University fraternity brothers, according to the book “How to Turn Down a Billion Dollars,” by Billy Gallagher.

Brown, then a junior in college, mused that a disappearing images app would make sexting with girls easier — then rushed down the hall to see his friend Evan Spiegel, with whom he often threw Red Bull and vodka-fueled parties, according to the book.

“That’s a million-dollar idea!” Spiegel responded.

Brown and Spiegel then brought in Bobby Murphy, who wrote the code for a basic version of the app. In the summer of 2011, the trio moved into Spiegel’s father’s house in Los Angeles to work on the app.

But Brown’s relentless partying reportedly alienated Spiegel and Murphy, who were concerned he was more focused on going out than working, according to the book.

Following a series of arguments, Spiegel and Murphy locked Brown out of the startup’s accounts just months after Snapchat had launched.

While Snapchat soared in popularity, Brown sued Spiegel and Murphy in 2013, claiming that he rightfully owned 20% of the company. Spiegel’s response was brutal.

Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy ousted Reggie Brown from Snapchat in 2011, leading to a costly legal battle.
AFP/Getty Images

“I regret inviting him into my house,” Spiegel said of Brown during his deposition in the suit, which was leaked to Business Insider. “I regret spending that time with him at my house. I regret giving him so many chances. He exploited my attempts at generosity . . . the generosity was giving Reggie an opportunity to work on something like this.”

Still, Spiegel conceded, “Reggie may deserve something for some of his contributions.”

At the same time Brown was fighting Spiegel and Murphy in court, he completed a 10-month master’s degree program in management studies at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business and graduated in May 2014, according to Gallagher’s book. He reportedly did not tell his classmates about his time at the company.

In September of 2014, Snapchat finally agreed to pay Brown $157.5 million in a cash settlement that included a gag order banning him from ever speaking publicly about the company.

Snapchat also released a statement that month acknowledging that Brown “originally came up with the idea of creating an application for sending disappearing picture messages” — but it buried the news from the tech press by publishing the release immediately before Apple’s iPhone 6 and Apple Watch launch event.

Brown’s former home in Kings Grant, where he allegedly engaged in a bizarre feud with his neighbors.
MLS

‘Mocking grandchildren’

Last November — nearly a year after Brown’s confrontation with neighbors and cops during the music video incident — a police officer knocked on the door of his mansion. Brown refused to let the officer inside, but cracked the door open a few inches to talk, according to a police report. It was two days after Thanksgiving.

The officer was there to confront Brown about what his neighbors said was an escalating harassment campaign they claimed he had waged against them.

Brown, the neighbors claimed, had damaged his neighbors’ lawn by driving his vehicle through it. He was also accused of shining his vehicle’s headlights into their bedroom windows and setting off his car alarm in the middle of the night to aggravate them, according to the police report.

In addition, neighbors accused Brown of walking up and down the street in front of his neighbor’s house while “making remarks to his family,” “mocking his grandchildren” and “making hand gestures,” the police report said.

Brown denied driving his vehicle in his neighbor’s lawn, entering their property or interacting or speaking with anyone while walking in front of their property, according to the report. He allegedly responded by claiming to the police officer that the neighbor had stolen half an acre of land from him and killed his palm trees.

“Mr. Brown stated [that the neighbor] has been pouring gasoline and oil down palm trees on his side of the property line which has turned them pink and killed them,” the report reads. “He stated [he] had video footage on his phone of the incident but told me he was not going to show me.” 

Brown reportedly added that his neighbor’s actions could be considered domestic terrorism and said he was considering calling the FBI. He said he was considering having his neighbor hauled away to Alvin S. Glenn Detention Center, a prison on the outskirts of Columbia, the police report says. 

The police officer told Brown that his neighbors had asked him to stop contacting them, then left, according to the report.

Brown accused his neighbors of stealing his property and killing his palm trees, according to a police report.
MLS

Arrest warrant

Shortly after the police officer left Brown’s residence, Brown’s neighbor called again to report a civil disturbance. The neighbor told police that — minutes after the first police officer had left — Brown walked onto his property and “began using profanity and antagonizing him.”

Brown then allegedly walked back to the border between their two yards, where he continued yelling “derogatory terms” at his neighbor and his grandchildren.

“Brown then grabbed his crotch toward him and his grandchildren,” the police report reads.

The neighbor also detailed more previous alleged incidents involving Brown. He said that Brown intimidated him with a Belgian Malinois dog that he had trained to respond to German commands, according to the report.

“Mr. Brown will command the dog to bark at him, and aggressively charge at him,” the neighbor told police.

Brown’s neighbors claimed that he intimidated them with a Belgian Malinois dog that he had trained to respond to German commands, according to police records.
Getty Images/iStockphoto

The neighbor also described a past incident in which Brown allegedly interrupted a dinner party. The neighbor and his family were entertaining guests on their front porch when Brown drove into his driveway, got out of his vehicle and “started making derogatory comments to his family and guest,” forcing everyone to go inside, according to the report. 

“He and his family are afraid for their wellbeing due to the fact that Mr. Brown’s behavior had gotten more aggressive over time,” the police report reads. 

When the police officer arrived at Brown’s house in response to the call, the officer said he saw Snapchat co-founder yelling at the neighbor from the back window of his house. The officer tried to speak with Brown, but he reportedly refused to come to the door. 

Four days after the last dust-up, seven police officers showed up at Brown’s house and knocked on his door. They were carrying an arrest warrant for his arrest on a charge of first degree harassment.

A section of a police report about Brown allegedly harassing his neighbors.

No one answered the door, so the officers reportedly went to Brown’s parents’ house nearby. Brown’s brother answered the door and allegedly said that Brown had left South Carolina for another state.

According to the police report, Brown’s father then reportedly arrived and explained that Brown had just been dropped off at an out-of-state mental health rehabilitation center. The center charges $58,000 for a minimum 20-day stay.

The neighbors appear to have since dropped the charges against Brown. They did not respond to multiple requests for comment for this story.

Snapchat’s 2017 initial public offering made Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy multi-billionaires in their twenties.
REUTERS

‘Vanished’

When Snapchat went public in 2017, the Los Angeles Times noted that the company’s mysterious third founder had “vanished from public life.”

The IPO made both both Spiegel and Murphy multi-billionaires in their twenties. If Brown had settled his lawsuit in exchange for Snapchat shares instead of cash, he too could have become a billionaire.

Even with Snapchat shares down 80% so far this year, a 20% stake in the company would be worth more than $3 billion.

In August of this year, Spiegel and his supermodel wife Miranda Kerr paid $145 million for an estate across the street from the Playboy mansion, Dirt.com reported in August. Combined with a $30 million villa Spiegel and Kerr maintain in Paris, the value of the Snapchat CEO’s real estate holdings is higher than the entire cash settlement received by Brown.

Meanwhile, the other Snapchat co-founder, Bobby Murphy, reportedly owns at least nine multimillion-dollar properties in Los Angeles worth a collective $60 million.

Murphy and Spiegel are both worth more than $2 billion each, according to Forbes.

A little over a month after Brown allegedly went to rehab, he sold his house on Jan. 11, 2022 for $1.04 million, property records show. It’s unclear where he currently lives. 

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Who is Nicole Shanahan, who had an affair with Elon Musk?

The estranged wife of Google co-founder Sergey Brin who reportedly had an affair with Elon Musk is a California-based attorney and Silicon Valley entrepreneur.

Nicole Shanahan allegedly had a brief fling with the Tesla CEO in December, which prompted her hubby to file for divorce and end his longtime friendship with Musk, the Wall Street Journal reported.

Before making headlines for being at the center of the love triangle between two of the world’s richest men, Shanahan was known for starting ClearAccessIP, a tech company that uses artificial intelligence to manage patents. She sold the company in 2020.

She is also the founder and president of Bia-Echo Foundation, a philanthropic foundation that promotes criminal justice reform, fights for a sustainable future and supports research on fertility and reproductive longevity in women in their mid-30s.

The latter issue is a personal one for Shanahan, who has been open about her difficulty getting pregnant at the launch of the Center for Female Reproductive Longevity and Equality at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging.

“Like many women who are not quite ready to start a family in their early 30s, I decided, or so I thought at the time, to take matters into my own hands and freeze embryos. However, after three failed attempts at embryo-making and three dozen visits to in vitro fertilization clinics around the Bay Area, I learned that I was not nearly as unshakable as I thought I was,” she said.

Shanahan’s affair with Musk led to her marriage’s dissolution.
AP/Jae C. Hong

Shanahan’s foundation provided the initial funding that launched the center, Page Six previously reported.

“I committed myself to help future generations of women have more choices,” she said of the issue.

Shanahan is the founder and president of Bia-Echo Foundation.
Gonzalo Marroquin/Getty Images for Gold House

She ultimately gave birth to a baby girl, fathered by Brin, in late 2018 — the same year the couple wed in a low-key ceremony after about two years of dating. They met at a yoga retreat in 2015.

Shanahan was previously married to a finance executive before dating Brin.

The entrepreneur grew up in Oakland and worked her way up out of a childhood that relied on food stamps, according to an interview she did with Modern Luxury magazine.

The daughter of a Chinese immigrant mother and a father who struggled with mental health issues, Shanahan told the publication that she “had to figure out how the world works on my own.”

“I had two unemployed parents for the majority of my childhood, so not only was there no money, there was almost no parental guidance, and as you can imagine with a mentally ill father, there was lots of chaos and fear,” she said in the June 2021 issue.

Shanahan bussed tables at 12 years old before pursuing a law degree later in life.

She studied at the University of Puget Sound and attended law school at Santa Clara University.

She also worked as a patent specialist before starting her own company and is a CodeX fellow at Stanford Law School.

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Barack Obama Urges Big Tech to Stop Dividing Society, Undermining Democracy

Former US President Barack Obama on Thursday called out Silicon Valley, urging tech companies to stop dividing society and undermining democracy, and for political leaders to help guide the way with regulation.

Obama said that online platforms have found that “inflammatory, polarizing content” attracts online audiences with money to be made at the expense of democracy.

“It’s that in the competition between truth and falsehood, cooperation and conflict, the very design of these platforms seems to be tilting us in the wrong direction,” Obama said at a Stanford Cyber Policy Center event.

Obama advocated modifying the US law known as Section 230, which spares platforms from liability for what users share on them. “These big platforms need to be subject to some level of public oversight and regulation,” Obama said.

“We need to consider reforms to Section 230 to account for those changes, including whether platforms should be required to have a higher standard of care, when it comes to advertising on their site.”

A regulatory structure crafted with input from tech companies, user communities and industry experts should allow them to operate effectively while slowing the spread of harmful content online, Obama said.

“Tech platforms need to accept that they play a unique role in how we, as a people and people around the world, are consuming information and that their decisions have an impact on every aspect of society,” Obama said.

“Beyond that, tech companies need to be more transparent about how they operate.”

In particular, online platforms should make it clear what kind of content they promote — even if only to regulators if there are concerns about software secrets being disclosed to competitors, Obama told the gathering.

“For more and more of us, search and social media platforms aren’t just our window into the internet; they serve as our primary source of news and information,” Obama said.

“No one tells us that the window is blurred, subject to unseen distortions and subtle manipulations.”

The US needs to set a better example when it comes to regulating abuses by big tech firms, collaborating with regulators in places such as Europe which have been more aggressive, Obama said.

“We’re so fatalistic about the steady stream of bile and vitriol that’s on there, but it doesn’t have to be that way,” he said.

“The Internet is a tool. Social media is a tool. At the end of the day, tools don’t control us. We control them, and we can remake them.”


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