West Indies beat PNG by five wickets thanks to a late surge in their opening game after the minnows gave them a scare.
West Indies stuttered and stumbled before eventually scrambling to a five-wicket win over minnows Papua New Guinea (PNG) in their opening Group C encounter of the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup in Guyana.
Set a modest target of 137, the two-time former champions were undone by clever, disciplined PNG bowling in the cricket game on Sunday.
The cohosts slumped to 97 for five with only four overs left before all-rounder Roston Chase’s unbeaten 42 off 27 balls helped the cohosts over the line with an over to spare.
Their unbroken sixth-wicket partnership of 40 came off just three overs and denied PNG one of the biggest shocks, not just in the eight editions of this tournament, but in all international cricket given that this was just their second appearance in a world tournament, having lost all three matches in their debut appearance at the 2021 T20 World Cup.
“Based on what we saw when PNG batted, it was always going to be hard for batsmen now coming in, so I gave myself some time to have the best chance possible and back my skills to get the ball away once I got in,” Chase said.
The player of the match conceded 26 runs from four overs of off-spin and also held a brilliant catch at backward point to remove PNG captain Assad Vala.
Vala led the way with the ball for the underdogs in taking two for 28 from four overs of spin after seamer Alei Nao struck at the start of the West Indies chase with the wicket of Johnson Charles’s first ball.
That early success fired up the Papuans despite the shot-making of Brandon King (34) and Nicholas Pooran (27).
When both fell within 11 deliveries of each other and captain Rovman Powell followed, PNG sensed an upset of monumental proportions before Chase redressed the balance when joined by Russell following the swift demise of Sherfane Rutherford.
“We were 10-15 runs short of what would have been a more competitive target, but after losing so many early wickets it was still a good effort,” said Valla in reflecting on the narrow loss.
“We are happy with the fight we showed in trying to defend that total. This is an opportunity for us and we look forward to the challenge to play our best cricket in tournaments and against teams like this.”
Earlier, Sese Bau’s belligerent 50 off 43 balls (six fours, one six) represented the only meaningful contribution from PNG in totalling 136 for eight after they were put in to bat.
Wicketkeeper Kiplin Doriga (27 not out) and Valla (21) were the other players to get past 20 with fast bowlers Alzarri Joseph and Russell spearheading the West Indies effort with two wickets each.
“Credit to PNG because they played good cricket and their plans were simple, but at the end it was important for us to get the two points,” said a relieved Powell.
“We need to be better though in all three departments of the game [batting, bowling and fielding]. We weren’t quite up to the standard today that we expect of ourselves and we need to improve for the coming matches.”
Nearly 1,450 hospitals across region are also in low-lying coastal areas vulnerable to extreme weather, UN report finds.
Tens of millions of people living in coastal areas of the Caribbean and Latin America face “life-threatening” weather events made worse by the climate crisis, the United Nations said in a new report.
The UN Population Fund (UNFPA) report on Tuesday found that 41 million people – about 6 percent of the population across the region – are exposed to threatening storms and flooding.
Nearly 1,450 hospitals vital to maternal health and family planning across the region also are located in low-elevation coastal areas that are more prone to natural hazards, the UNFPA said.
More than 80 percent of the hospitals in Aruba and Cayman Islands, Suriname, Bahamas and Guyana are in such areas, the report found.
“Climate change impacts women and girls the hardest and exacerbates existing inequalities,” Dr Natalia Kanem, the UNFPA’s executive director, said in a statement.
“Millions of poor and vulnerable women and girls, who are the least responsible for the climate crisis, pay a heavy price when climate-related disasters strike and disrupt essential health and protection services as well as livelihoods.”
The agency said more than 80 percent of the hospitals in Aruba and Cayman Islands, Suriname, Bahamas and Guyana are in low-lying coastal areas prone to dangerous storms.
In Ecuador, nearly 12 percent of the country’s healthcare facilities were in these areas, Tuesday’s report found, compared with 10 percent of Haiti’s hospitals and 7 percent of those in Brazil.
The findings come as regional leaders are meeting this week in Antigua and Barbuda for a Small Island Developing States summit to discuss the climate crisis, among other issues.
Small island states across the Pacific, Atlantic and Caribbean, with negligible emissions, are particularly vulnerable to economic crises and rising temperatures due to their exposure to natural disasters, high debt and reliance on imports and tourism.
“It is not sufficient for nations to simply make empty and grossly inadequate commitments under the Paris Agreement,” Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister Gaston Browne, the conference president, said on Monday.
Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, countries agreed to limit emissions and prevent temperatures rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degree Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels.
Browne also urged rich nations to honour a pledge to send $100bn a year to poorer countries to help reduce emissions and mitigate extreme weather.
Experts have said the climate crisis is fuelling more devastating storms across the world, including drought, wildfires, flooding and hurricanes.
Last week, forecasters with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Weather Service in the United States predicted that the Atlantic basin would see “above-normal hurricane activity” this year.
Several factors are driving the risk of more hurricanes in 2024, the agency said, including “near-record warm ocean temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean, development of La Nina conditions in the Pacific, [and] reduced Atlantic trade winds and less wind shear”.
The Atlantic hurricane season typically begins in June and runs until the end of November.
Wakapoa, Guyana – The threat had always been there, ever since Lloyd Perreira was a young child: that one day his ancestral home could be absorbed into the neighbouring country of Venezuela.
A member of the Lokono Indigenous people, Perreira considers his home Essequibo, a vast territory on the western flank of Guyana. He grew up in Wakapoa, a village composed of 16 islands on the Pomeroon River, nestled in the heart of the region.
“Even as a small boy, I remember hearing Venezuela saying Essequibo is theirs,” Perreira said. “But I also know I live in Essequibo, and as an Indigenous person, Essequibo is ours.”
Perreira is now the toshoa, or chief, of Wakapoa. But his childhood fears returned when Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro recently held a referendum to claim Essequibo as his country’s own.
“We were very scared when we saw the referendum,” Perreira said, as he picked a harvest of rare liberica coffee beans.
Lloyd Perreira, the toshao or chief of Wakapoa, stands in front of his harvest of liberica coffee beans [Nazima Raghubir/Al Jazeera]
Though tensions have subsided since the December 3 referendum, the ongoing question of whether Essequibo could be annexed to Venezuela has sparked anxiety among those who call the territory home.
Nearly two-thirds of what is considered Guyana lies in Essequibo, a 159,500-square-kilometre (62,000sq mile) area lush with jungles and farms.
Along the Pomeroon River, coconuts are cultivated to make oil. Coffee shrubs blossom from riverbanks. And Indigenous groups like the Lokono harvest cassava for bread and cassareep, a syrup used to preserve food.
But the discovery of large oil deposits off its shores in 2015 reignited a decades-long territorial dispute over Essequibo. Experts estimate that more than 11 billion barrels of oil and natural gas could sit within its territory.
In recent months, Maduro has framed Venezuela’s claims on the land as a “historic battle against one of the most brutal dispossessions known in the country”.
The referendum his administration put before voters consisted of five questions, asking them to reject 19th-century arbitration that awarded Essequibo to Guyana and instead support the creation of a Venezuelan state.
That the referendum passed with 98 percent support fueled fears in Guyana that a Venezuelan takeover may be imminent.
“Guyana has never been in any war,” taxi driver Eon Smith told Al Jazeera in the town of Charity, southeast of Wakapoa. “We are not prepared for war. What will we do?”
Those concerns have also translated into lower attendance at Wakapoa’s local boarding school. Students who usually travelled for miles to attend instead stayed home in the lead-up to the referendum, their dormitory beds sitting empty.
“We have one boy in the dormitory,” teacher Veneitia Smith said, pointing to a flat concrete dwelling. “Everyone else stayed away since we heard about the Venezuela referendum.”
Guyana’s President Mohamed Irfaan Ali has sought to quell those fears, though. “Guyana will intensify precautionary measures to protect its territory,” Ali said in December.
Guyana’s President Irfaan Ali has sought to reassure the public that his country’s territory is safe [Lucanus D Ollivierre/AP Photo]
But since the referendum, Maduro has proceeded to declare Essequibo “a province” of Venezuela. He also directed Venezuela’s state-owned companies to “immediately” begin exploration for oil, gas and minerals in the region.
Some Guyanese residents, however, have organised activities to protest the referendum. Those demonstrations ranged from prayer meetings to school performances of patriotic songs and chants.
Indigenous leaders like Jean La Rose, the executive director of the Amerindian Peoples Association (APA), also called on residents to stay in their villages — and resist any urge to leave preemptively.
La Rose herself returned to her home in Santa Rosa, a village in the Moruca subregion of northwest Essequibo. In a message posted on social media, she urged Indigenous peoples “to remain in their homes and guard them” in case of annexation.
“I want to encourage other people: Stay in your homes, that is what you own. Stay on your lands, that is what you own,” she said. “That is the patrimony of your forefathers, your ancestors. Stay, guard it.”
A boy in Caracas drives a motorcycle past a mural depicting Essequibo as part of Venezuela, following a referendum over the disputed region [Matias Delacroix/AP Photo]
Cross-border relations have remained taut, despite a December 14 agreement between Guyana and Venezuela “not to threaten or use force” to settle claims over Essequibo.
Known as the Argyle Agreement, the deal included assurances from presidents Maduro and Ali to “remain committed to peaceful coexistence” and to resolve the dispute in accordance with international law.
The International Court of Justice continues to weigh a 2018 case brought by Guyana over the territorial dispute.
But despite talk of peace, the spectre of military tensions lingers. Late last month, the United Kingdom sent a warship to Guyana for joint training exercises, prompting Venezuela to respond with “defensive” exercises of its own.
Maduro called the ship’s presence a provocation, saying it was “practically a military threat”.
Guyana’s Foreign Minister Hugh Todd acknowledged in an interview with Al Jazeera that he has heard “concerns” over Venezuelan “aggression”.
Still, Todd said, the threat is not so great that businesses are “not willing to invest” in Guyana. He pointed to the energy producer ExxonMobil, which announced in December that it would continue to offshore oil extraction despite the tensions.
“They made it clear that Exxon is not going anywhere and they will continue to do their work here in Guyana,” Todd said.
Wakapoa, a community composed of multiple islands, is part of the disputed territory of Essequibo [Nazima Raghubir/Al Jazeera]
Essequibo’s oil production is one of the primary drivers behind Guyana’s economy. The World Bank has named Guyana one of the “fastest-growing economies” in the world, with double-digit growth of its gross domestic product (GDP) expected to continue in 2024.
When asked about potential risks for oil companies from the tensions, Todd maintained that Guyana’s investments are “well protected”.
“There is no reason to not want to invest, given the fact that Venezuela has ramped up its claims for the Essequibo,” he said. “We have a process and procedures undertaken to ensure that we not only protect but preserve and maintain our sovereignty and territorial integrity.”
Guyana’s Vice President Bharrat Jagdeo likewise brushed aside the possibility that tensions over Essequibo could scuttle overseas business partnerships.
“Not a single foreign investor called to say, ‘We are not coming to Guyana,’” he said in a January press conference.
“I think people are looking at Guyana in the long run. They know we have the international community on our side. They know we are approaching this border issue in a peaceful manner and through the appropriate channels.”
But compared to Guyana’s burgeoning economy, Venezuela has been in a state of economic collapse for much of the last decade. Experts credit its dire circumstances with the renewed push to claim Essequibo as its own.
Members of the Warao Indigenous group prepare a meal outside a riverside home in Essequibo [Nazima Raghubir/Al Jazeera]
Back in the Indigenous community of Wakapoa, Toshao Perreira said he has been seeing “more numbers” of nomadic Warao people crossing from Venezuela into Guyana, as they search for basic necessities like food and clothing.
“We are worried that these people are suffering. Their numbers are rapidly increasing,” he said.
The Warao people live primarily in the marshes, rivers and waterways straddling Guyana and Venezuela. Their name loosely translates to “water people”. But Perreira sees their swelling population in Wakapoa as a sign of the instability across the border.
“I see them struggling,” Perreira continued. “Many of them said they left Venezuela because there is no food.”
Still, Perreira hopes the border feud can be resolved soon, as Guyana pursues its case before the International Court of Justice.
He told Al Jazeera he looks forward to the ruling. “I am Guyanese,” Perreira said. “Essequibo is my home: It belongs to Guyana. I will die here.”
Leaders hold tense talks after Venezuela organised referendum to claim oil-rich territory that makes up two-thirds of Guyana.
Venezuela and Guyana have agreed not to resort to force to settle a territorial dispute over the oil-rich Essequibo region after a tense meeting between the two countries’ leaders in the Caribbean.
Guyanese President Irfaan Ali and Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro agreed to “not threaten or use force against one another in any circumstances, including those consequential to any existing controversies between the two states” and to “refrain, whether by words or deeds, from escalating any conflict,” in an 11-point declaration that was read out at a press conference after the meeting.
The two men were unable to make progress in resolving the long-running dispute over the territory, however, with a joint commission composed of the foreign ministers of both countries and other officials asked to address the issue and report within three months.
No questions were allowed at the press conference.
Essequibo amounts to more than two-thirds of the territory of Guyana and is home to 125,000 of its 800,000 citizens.
Tension has been rising in recent weeks after Venezuela held a referendum earlier this month on whether to establish a Venezuelan state there in a move Guyana feared was a pretext for a land grab.
Venezuela insists Essequibo should be under its control because it was within its borders during the Spanish colonial period while Guyana says a border drawn by international arbitrators in 1899 means it is part of Guyana.
The hours-long meeting between Ali and Maduro took place at the main international airport in the eastern Caribbean island of St Vincent following mediation efforts by the regional groupings of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
The declaration noted the impasse between the two men, who clasped hands before their talks.
Guyana argues the controversy should be resolved by the International Court of Justice in the Netherlands while Venezuela says the court does not have jurisdiction.
Earlier in the day, Guyana’s government issued a statement saying that Essequibo was “not up for discussion, negotiation or deliberation”. Ali echoed those comments during a news conference he held during a break in his talks with Maduro.
“All of this belongs to Guyana,” Ali said, pointing to a thick leather bracelet on his right wrist featuring the outline of Guyana. “No narrative propaganda [or] decree can change this. This is Guyana.”
Ali noted that while both parties were committed to keeping peace in the region, Guyana “is not the aggressor”.
“Guyana is not seeking war, but Guyana reserves the right to work with all of our partners to ensure the defence of our country,” he said.
Maduro said ahead of the meeting that “we will make the most of it so that our Latin America and the Caribbean remains a zone of peace”.
White House National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby said that the United States was monitoring the situation closely. “We don’t want to see this come to blows,” Kirby said. “There’s no reason for it to, and our diplomats are engaged in real-time.”
Maduro has ordered state-owned companies to explore and exploit the oil, gas and mines in Essequibo. Both sides have put their militaries on alert.
US announces flight drills, stresses ‘unwavering support’ for Guyana’s sovereignty amid growing border tensions.
The United States has said it will conduct joint flight drills with Guyana amid growing border tensions between Guyana and Venezuela.
The long-running dispute over the oil-rich Essequibo region, which is being heard by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), escalated over the weekend when voters in Venezuela rejected the ICJ’s jurisdiction and backed the creation of a new Venezuelan state.
The US embassy in Georgetown said in a statement on Thursday that US Southern Command, which oversees military operations in Central and South America, would “conduct flight operations with the Guyanese military” on Thursday.
The statement said the drills were part of “routine engagement and operations to enhance [the] security partnership between the United States and Guyana” but has been widely interpreted as an effort to deter military intervention by Venezuela.
Caracas rejected the US announcement of flights as a “provocation”.
Later on Thursday, White House national security spokesperson John Kirby said Washington supported a peaceful resolution to the border dispute.
“We absolutely stand by our unwavering support for Guyana’s sovereignty,” he told reporters.
Following the vote, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has authorised oil exploration in Essequibo, in a move that drew the ire of Guyana President Irfaan Ali.
“We have initiated a number of precautionary measures to ensure the peace and stability of this region,” Ali said.
“Should Venezuela proceed to act in this reckless and adventurous manner, the region will have to respond,” he told The Associated Press news agency.
There are growing concerns across South America that the tensions could spiral into a military confrontation.
Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva said that multilateral groups must help find a peaceful solution to the dispute.
“We do not want and we do not need war in South America,” Lula said on Thursday.
The news outlet Reuters reported that Brazil’s army intelligence has detected a build-up in Venezuelan forces near the border with Guyana, citing an unnamed senior military official.
In the referendum Venezuelan voters were asked whether they support establishing a state in Essequibo.
Venezuela has claimed it has large public support to take over an oil-rich region across the border in Guyana.
The referendum result, announced on Monday, came after the International Court of Justice (ICJ) warned Caracas against “annexation” of the territory called Essequibo, which has long been ruled by Guyana.
“It has been a total success for our country, for our democracy,” President Nicolas Maduro told supporters gathered in the capital.
Guyana President Mohamed Irfaan Ali said his government is working continuously to ensure the country’s borders “remain intact” and said people have “nothing to fear over the next number of hours, days, months ahead”.
What were voters asked?
Maduro claimed that the referendum had a “very important level of participation”.
After the voting ended on Sunday, the National Electoral Council in Venezuela claimed to have counted more than 10.5 million votes.
But only a few voters could be seen at polling sites throughout the voting period, news wires reported.
“I came to vote because Essequibo is ours, and I hope that whatever they are going to do, they think about it thoroughly and remember to never put peace at risk,” merchant Juan Carlos Rodríguez, 37, told The Associated Press news agency after voting at a centre in Caracas where only a handful of people were in line.
Each voter was asked five questions, including if they agreed with creating a new state called Guayana Esequiba in the Essequibo region, granting its population Venezuelan citizenship, as well as identity cards, and incorporating that state into the map of Venezuelan territory.
The electoral council, however, did not explain whether the number of votes was equivalent to each voter or if it was the sum of all the answers.
It is also not yet clear how Maduro will implement the results of the vote.
‘Textbook example of annexation’
The referendum in Venezuela was held after the ICJ urged the country to refrain from “taking any action” that could alter the status quo in the region.
On Friday, the international court president Joan E Donoghue said statements from Venezuela’s government suggest it “is taking steps with a view toward acquiring control over and administering the territory in dispute”.
“Furthermore, Venezuelan military officials announced that Venezuela is taking concrete measures to build an airstrip to serve as a ‘logistical support point for the integral development of the Essequibo’,” she said.
But Guyana has always feared that the referendum could be a pretext for a land grab.
“The collective decision called for here involves nothing less than the annexation of the territory in dispute in this case,” Paul Reichler, an American lawyer representing Guyana, told the ICJ. “This is a textbook example of annexation.”
Homes stand in the village of Surama in the Rupununi area of the Essequibo, a territory in dispute with Venezuela [File: Juan Pablo Arraez/AP Photo]
Essequibo is larger than Greece and rich in minerals. It also gives access to an area of the Atlantic where energy giant ExxonMobil discovered oil in commercial quantities in 2015, drawing the attention of Maduro’s government.
Caracas considers Essequibo as its own because the region was within its boundaries during Spanish colonial times.
The Guyanese government insists on retaining the border determined in Paris in 1899 by an arbitration panel while claiming that Venezuela had agreed with the ruling until it changed its mind in 1962.
Venezuela is set to hold a referendum on Sunday on whether to establish a new state in a disputed, oil-rich territory long ruled by Guyana.
The vote comes after the International Court of Justice (ICJ) urged Venezuela to refrain from “taking any action” that could alter the status quo in the region. However, it did not specifically ban Caracas from holding the referendum as Guyana had requested.
Friday’s ruling is the latest development in the larger border dispute. The ICJ said in April that it had jurisdiction over the case but a final ruling could be years away.
(Al Jazeera)
Here is what to know about the vote and the dispute.
A referendum in Venezuela
Venezuela will go ahead with a referendum on December 3, over its rights to a potentially oil-rich territory that is the subject of a border dispute with Guyana.
The referendum will ask Venezuelans five questions, including if they agree with creating a new state called Guayana Esequiba in the Essequibo region, granting its population Venezuelan citizenship as well as identity cards and incorporating that state into the map of Venezuelan territory.
Guyana fears that the referendum could be a pretext for a land grab. “The collective decision called for here involves nothing less than the annexation of the territory in dispute in this case,” Paul Reichler, an American lawyer representing Guyana, told the ICJ. “This is a textbook example of annexation.”
The Venezuelan government has not explained how it would create the state should voters approve it. The referendum is also described as consultative.
However, the ICJ said there was a “serious risk of Venezuela acquiring and exercising control and administration of the territory in dispute in the present case”.
Political analysts expect voters to approve the proposal, given the lack of any “no” campaign and the likelihood that voters who are opposed will stay home.
Supporters of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro stand on stilts during the closing event for the referendum over a potentially oil-rich territory [Leonardo Fernandez Viloria/Rueters]
Dispute between Venezuela and Guyana
Caracas considers Essequibo as its own because the region was within its boundaries during the Spanish colony.
The Guyanese government insists on retaining the border determined in Paris in 1899 by an arbitration panel, while claiming that Venezuela had agreed with the ruling until it changed its mind in 1962.
Caracas claims that the Essequibo River to the region’s east forms a natural border and has been recognised as such since 1777.
It dismisses the 1889 ruling. During those negotiations, the United States represented Venezuela on the panel in part because the Venezuelan government had broken off diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom.
Venezuelan officials contend that the Americans and Europeans conspired to cheat their country out of the land and argue that a 1966 agreement to resolve the dispute effectively nullified the original arbitration. Guyana maintains that the initial accord is legal and binding.
Friction between the countries has increased since 2015 as a result of oil exploration operations by ExxonMobil and other companies in offshore areas intersecting the disputed territory.
The Venezuelan government maintains that Guyana does not have the right to grant concessions in maritime areas of the Essequibo.
Homes in the village of Surama in the Rupununi area of the Essequibo, a territory in dispute with Venezuela [File: Juan Pablo Arraez]
The relevance of the Essequibo
The territory larger than Greece, known as “The Essequibo,” amounts to more than two-thirds of the territory of Guyana and is home to 125,000 of its 800,000 citizens.
The 159,500sq km (61,600sq-mile) area is located in the heart of the Guiana Shield, a geographical region in the northeast of South America and one of the four last pristine tropical forests in the world mined with natural and mineral resources, including large reserves of gold, copper, diamond, iron and aluminium among others.
The region also has the world’s biggest reserves of crude oil per capita. Just last month, Guyana announced a “significant” new oil discovery, adding to estimated reserves of at least 10 billion barrels – more than Kuwait or the United Arab Emirates.
With these resources, the country is set to surpass the oil production of Venezuela and by 2025, according to projections, the country is on track to become the world’s largest per-capita crude producer.
Exxon and its partners – the US-based Hess Corp and China’s CNOOC – are the only active oil producers in Guyana. Their projects are expected to reach 1.2m barrels per day of output by 2027, turning Guyana into one of Latin America’s most prominent producers, only surpassed by Brazil and Mexico.
[Maybe worth commissioning a graphic from AJLabs. They are not around today]
International reactions
Brazil’s top diplomat for Latin American affairs, Gisela Maria Figueiredo, said on Thursday that President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s administration was following the situation with “concern”.
In the US, which has close relations with Guyana, National Security Council spokesman John Kirby appealed for a peaceful resolution to the dispute.
Analyst Rocio San Miguel of the Citizen Watchdog on Security, Defense and the Armed Forces said that while Venezuela has significantly more military power than Guyana, it would not be able to stand up to Guyana’s allies, which include the US.
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