Flight Risk – The New York Times

The U.S. has not had a fatal plane crash involving a commercial airline in more than 14 years — an incredible safety achievement.

But the elaborate system that keeps planes from crashing is struggling. In recent years, air traffic controllers, who guide planes out of harm’s way, have suffered a staff shortage. Out of 313 air traffic control facilities nationwide, just three as of May met staff targets set by the Federal Aviation Administration and the union representing controllers.

Aviation officials worry the shortage is leading to close calls, in which planes nearly crash. There were at least 46 near misses involving commercial airlines last month, according to an investigation by my colleagues Sydney Ember and Emily Steel that published this morning. Those close calls are still a small fraction of the nearly 1.4 million flights in the U.S. each month, and it is not clear whether the rate is increasing.

But any close call is dangerous, potentially leading to a fatal crash that breaks America’s safety streak. As a spokesman for the F.A.A. said, “One close call is one too many.” The agency’s goal is to reduce the number of such near misses to zero. Staff shortages make that harder.

“The controllers we’ve talked to take real pride in their job, and they work really hard to make sure these planes are safe,” Emily told me. “But they’re worried that the circumstances around their jobs could make them slip up and that those mistakes could be very dangerous.”

What is behind the shortage? Part of the problem goes back decades: In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan fired thousands of air traffic controllers who were on strike. The F.A.A. then hired new controllers. Many retired when they became eligible to do so 20 years later. And now, another 20 years later, another wave of controllers is retiring.

Chronic disinvestment in government services is another cause. Over the past decade, the number of fully trained controllers has fallen 10 percent, while airport traffic has increased 5 percent. The F.A.A. has asked for more money to increase hiring. Even if the agency receives those funds, it will take time to hire new controllers and train them.

In the meantime, the U.S. risks more close calls. Some in aviation worry it’s only a matter of time before the overworked system fails to stop a deadly crash.

“Aviation officials will say that we have the safest system in the world,” Sydney said. “But underlying that success are risks and issues that deserve attention.”

Wearable tunes: Feel music through your skin.

Psychedelics: Ecstasy is considered one of the safer illegal drugs. But there are risks.

Metropolitan Diary: Furniture shopping like a New Yorker.

Lives Lived: Ron Cephas Jones was an admired actor in theater and on television, including on “This Is Us,” for which he won two Emmy Awards by drawing on his youth of drug addiction and temporary homelessness. He died at 66.

WOMEN’S WORLD CUP

Victory in disharmony: Spain overcame a squad revolt and a key injury to win the tournament, beating England, 1-0, in the final.

Unpleasant reminder: The president of Spain’s soccer federation kissed the forward Jennifer Hermoso on the lips during the medals ceremony. Sexism has plagued Spanish women’s soccer.

Growth movement: The final brought out fans of all stripes and rallied girls in England and Spain to hit the field and play.

“So many problems”: England faced its own challenges in advancing to the final.

OTHER SPORTS NEWS

Next stop, major: Coco Gauff won the Cincinnati Open yesterday, a week before the U.S. Open.

Rock bottom: The worst division in M.L.B. history? Welcome to a weekend in the AL Central.

Frustration: The golfer Scottie Scheffler’s problem was on display yesterday — his putter.

ARTS AND IDEAS

Recreating a bygone China: Over the past few decades, China’s government razed rural houses to make way for the highways and high-rises that propelled the country’s modernization. Now, a group of artists are creating miniature replicas of the homes, for both an older generation nostalgic for simpler times and a younger generation who never got to live them. “If we don’t leave a record, those born after the 2000s won’t have any impression of this,” said Shen Peng, a miniaturist.